Jul 02, 2018 biodiversity is the pillar that allows ecosystems to function and humans to thrive. It defines the diversity observed among the ecosystems in a particular region. Biodiversity also includes the genetic information that these organisms contain. The term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity by e. It is the natural wealth of the earth, which supplies all our food and much of our shelter and raw materials. Conservation can broadly be divided into two types. Biodiversity is the sum of all the different species of animals, plants, fungi and microbial organisms living on earth and the variety of habitats in which they live. The ecosystem services of biodiversity is maintained through formation and protection of soil, conservation and purification of water, maintaining hydrological cycles, regulation of biochemical cycles, absorption and breakdown of pollutants and waste materials through decomposition. Definition, types levels of biodiversity, magnitude, gradients, benefits, threats, conservation, red data book, iucn biodiversity is the word that is used to define the crowd of.
But, gradually over the years, there has been a major loss in the biodiversity across. If this trend of biodiversity depletion continues, onefourth of the worlds species may be. Biodiversity is the part of nature which includes the difference in genes among the individuals of a species, the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space, locally. Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies. Identifying and understanding the relationships between all the life on earth are some of. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity outcomes. Without biodiversity in an ecosystem we would not have the many plants and animals we find in our world today, including us.
It involves conservation of wild and cultivated species as well as genetic resources. Pdf biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain. Classification estimated population size of indigenous goat. The indian council of forestry research icfre has identified 309 forest preservation plots of representative forest types for conservation of viable and representative areas of biodiversity. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. Among other factors, the diversity of all living things depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude. In plants, as in animals and other groups, certain morphological characteristics tend to. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan. The types of conservation can be many or few, depending on the focus of the individual or program that is aimed at conserving the earths. The manifestation of biodiversity is the biological resources genes, species, organisms, ecosystems and ecological processes of which they are part. There are three interrelated hierarchical levels of biodiversity namely, genetic diversity, species diversity and community or ecosystem. Conservation biology is reforming around strategic plans to protect biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variety of living species on earth plants, animals and microorganisms and the ecosystems they form. The convention on biological diversity plant conservation.
Feb 24, 2015 types of biodiversity species biodiversity genetic biodiversity ecosystem biodiversity 5. Biodiversity underlies everything from food production to medical research. The report would also serve as a communication and. Biodiversity biological diversity is the total variety of living organisms in all ecosystems on earth, the genetic differences between them, and the communities and ecosystems in which they occur. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. It includes all the species on earth, ranging from plants such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms and all the species of.
Biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form. Humans use at least 40,000 species of plants and animals on a daily basis. Pdf an unequivocal, precise, and generally accepted definition of biodiversity does not exist. Biodiversity is also known as biological diversity. In situ conservation also enables researchers to determine the distribution of a species throughout the world, to assess traditional communities contribution to. Biodiversity is the variety of all species on our planet. Resource use is commonly guided by quota and permit systems and resource monitoring. Through the conservation of biodiversity and the survival of many species and habitats which are threatened due to human activities can be ensured. Convention on biological diversity plantconservation report page 4 acknowledgements the executive secretary was requested by the twelfth meeting of the subsidiary body on scienti ic.
It includes different plants, animals, birds and microorganisms, their genes, their habitats. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire earth. Conservation is defined as the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to. Guidelines for biodiversity assessment and monitoring for. Species diversity deals with the the richness and evenness of species in an area. Much has been published on the subject since its first appearance at the national forum on biodiversity in september, 1986, the proceedings of which became the bestseller, biodiversity. The concept of biodiversity has provoked considerable debate and misunderstanding among the general public, decisionmakers, and even the scientific community. Biodiversity and its types complete detail updated. It includes different plants, animals, birds and microorganisms, their genes, their habitats and all the ecosystems forests, grasslands, lacks, ponds, rivers, wetlands etc. Biodiversity is a community of all the living organisms on the earth and the diversity among them from all the ecosystems. Species biodiversity species diversity is the effective number of different species that are represented in a collection of individuals.
Protected areas, biodiversity and conservation 9 peter murrell conservation area, tasmania, australia even small parks can have important conservation roles. More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are animals, while plants including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total. Let us look at so me interesting aspects about earths biodiversity based on the currently available species inventories. Biodiversity includes the diversity within species and between. Read about biodiversity conservation, the importance of biodiversity, loss of biodiversity and more. This refers to the variety of types of plants, animals, and microorganisms. The conservation of biodiversity outside of their natural environments or ecosystems is known as exsitu conservation. Look around and you can find diverse forms of organisms, each one different than the others. It is the biodiversity within a particular area, community or ecosystem. The biodiversity of new york includes all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and even. The biodiversity of new york includes all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms and bacteria living in the state. There is an urgent need, not only to manage and conserve the biotic wealth, but also restore the degraded ecosystems. Now that we know the different types of biodiversity, let us look at the importance of biodiversity.
On a much smaller scale, one can study biodiversity within a pond ecosystem or a neighborhood park. May 03, 2019 loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. Learn more about the conservation of biodiversity here. Systematic biodiversity conservation planning seems like everyone is doing it. Biodiversity and conservation cbse notes for class 12. Loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. Biodiversity conservation is the protection and management of biodiversity to obtain resources for sustainable development. A new challenge for ecologists is determining the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Definition, types levels of biodiversity, magnitude, gradients, benefits, threats, conservation, red data book, iucn biodiversity is the word that is used to define the crowd of organisms of the planet. Otherwise known as agrobiodiversity, agricultural biodiversity is a broad term that includes the variety and variability of animals, plants and microorganisms at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels that sustain the ecosystem structures, functions and processes in and around production systems, and that provide food and non. The convention on biological diversity held in june, 1992 stressed the need of the conservation of biodiversity for sustainable development and perpetuation of human beings on earth.
Types, importance and conservation methods with diagram 1. Biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology. Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the sum of all the different species of plants, animals, fungi and microbial organisms that live on earth, including the various ecosystems in which they live on. Mar 01, 2019 biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Biodiversity conservation has three main objectives. Biodiversity types of biodiversity, importance and causes.
Let us look at this diverse biological aspect of our planet and learn more about conservation of biodiversity. Biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. The convention on biological diversity held in june, 1992 stressed the need of the conservation of biodiversity for sustainable development and perpetuation of. Biodiversity refers to the total variety of life on earth, or the total variety of life in a given area. Scientists estimate that more than 10 million different species inhabit earth. Different ecosystems like mangroves, rainforests, deserts, etc. Science sauce is a home for science teaching and learning resources. Conservation of biodiversity can be studied in different segments. An ecosystem is the name given to all living species that live together in a. Otherwise known as agrobiodiversity, agricultural biodiversity is a broad term that includes the variety and variability of animals, plants and.
All the economically important organisms should be identified and conserved. In this video malvika choudhary explains about definition of biodiversity,typesgenetic biodiversity,species biodiversity and ecosystem biodiversityits importance and the reason behind loss. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. Biodiversity conservation provides substantial benefits to meet immediate human needs, such as clean, consistent water flows, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate.
To maintain lifesupporting systems and essential ecological processes. Conservation is the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of wildlife and natural resources such as forests and water. Experience in namibia has shown that benefits derived from the sustainable utilization of biodiversity are a powerful incentive to ensure further conservation. Examples of efforts promoting sustainable utilization follow over the page. Biodiversity and conservation is an international journal that publishes articles on all aspects of biological diversityits description, analysis and conservation, and its controlled rational use by humankind. Biodiversity types of biodiversity, importance and causes of. Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes. The best app for cbse students now provides biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse board exams and schoolbased annual examinations. In other words, biodiversity is the occurrence of different types of ecosystems, different species of organisms with the whole. A sevenstep framework for developing regional plans to conserve biological diversity, based upon. All these diversities help in maintaining the correct balance of nature. Biodiversitytypes,importance and loss of biodiversity. It started from a single biology video posted on youtube that turned out to be quite popular and grew from there.
The best app for cbse students now provides biodiversity and. For example, the western ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the eastern ghats. Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, rather it varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions. It is usually expressed by the number of species i. Following are the important strategies for biodiversity conservation. There are three interrelated hierarchical levels of biodiversity namely, genetic diversity, species diversity and. An ecosystem is the name given to all living species that live together in a stable community, interacting with one another and their physical environment. Extinction of species leads to further destruction of fragile ecosystems. However the need for such a definition that is both. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of.
Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve biodiversity and protect endangered species and their habitats. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part. Although all of these insects have a similar structure and may be genetic cousins, the. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity. Biodiversity is the biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals. Agricultural biodiversity is a subset of general biodiversity. All the varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbes and agricultural animals should be conserved. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2.
Exsitu conservation utilizes a wide range of techniques and facilities and it can be accomplished in the following. Going by the raw definition, biodiversity is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a given region. Institute of biodiversity conservation national biodiversity strategy and action plan december 2005 addis ababa. Species diversity refers to biodiversity at the most basic level and is the variety and abundance of different types of individuals of a species in a given area. A sevenstep framework for developing regional plans to conserve biological diversity, based upon principles of conservation biology and ecology, is being used extensively by the nature conservancy to identify priority areas for conservation. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger. Biodiversity includes the genetic variability for which different varieties of spices have appeared in the course of evolution and diversity of life forms such as plants, animal microbes, etc. The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate.